Italy, a virtual guide to "Bella Italia" - beautiful Italy, how many Italians love to call their country. Italy is located in southern Europe on the Apennine Peninsula. Its distinct shape, resembling a kicking boot, makes it easy to recognize it on maps or even from space.
The peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in east, the Sea of Sicily in south, the Ionian Sea in southeast, the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea in west, all of them are parts of the Mediterranean Sea.
Italy has international borders with Austria, France, the Holy See (Vatican City), San Marino, Slovenia, and Switzerland. It shares maritime borders with Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Greece, Libya, Malta, Montenegro, Spain, and Tunisia.
Two of the largest Mediterranean islands belong to Italy: Sardinia in west and Sicily in south.
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The country covers an area of 301,318 km² (116,340 sq. mi.), this is about 80% the size of Japan or slightly larger than the U.S. state of Arizona.
Italy has a population of more than 60 million people (in 2016), capital and largest city is Rome (Italian: Roma). Major cities are Florence, Milan, Naples, and Venice. Spoken language is Italian.
Italy became a nation-state belatedly - in 1861, when the city-states of the peninsula, along with Sardinia and Sicily, were united under King Victor EMMANUEL.
An era of parliamentary government came to a close in the early 1920s when Benito MUSSOLINI established a Fascist dictatorship. His disastrous alliance with Nazi Germany led to Italy's defeat in World War II.
A democratic republic replaced the monarchy in 1946 and economic revival followed. Italy was a charter member of NATO and the European Economic Community (EEC). It has been at the forefront of European economic and political unification, joining the European Monetary Union in 1999.
Persistent problems include illegal immigration, the ravages of organized crime, corruption, high unemployment, and the low incomes and technical standards of southern Italy compared with the more prosperous north.
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